Journal of Medical Resident Research
https://jmrr.cremesp.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2763-602X.20230008
Journal of Medical Resident Research
Artigo Original

A relação entre endometriose e neoplasia maligna da tireoide: uma revisão sistemática  

The relationship between endometriosis and malignant thyroid neoplasms: a systematic review

Juliana Diamantino, Giovana Irikura Cardoso, Flávio Hojaij

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Resumo

OBJETIVOS: a endometriose é uma doença inflamatória crônica que afeta aproximadamente de 10% a 15% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva. O câncer de tireoide, que ocorre predominantemente em mulheres, apresenta-se mais comumente entre as idades de 45 e 64 anos. No contexto dessa sobreposição de gênero, há evidências que sugerem uma relação potencial entre endometriose e câncer de tireoide. Este estudo visa explorar essa possível relação.

MÉTODOS: esta revisão sistemática seguiu a abordagem estruturada para a seleção de estudos conforme descrito no checklist PRISMA 2020. Os critérios de inclusão se concentraram em estudos que examinaram a associação entre endometriose e câncer de tireoide, excluindo relatos de casos e estudos retrospectivos com menos de dez casos. O PubMed foi o principal banco de dados usado para a busca, empregando os termos "endometriose", "câncer de tireoide" e "endometriose e câncer de tireoide". Os estudos foram avaliados entre outubro de 2023 e abril de 2024.

RESULTADOS: a busca no PubMed resultou em 20 estudos, com oito estudos adicionais identificados nas listas de referência de estudos incluídos anteriormente. Após uma revisão abrangente, 12 artigos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos na revisão. Os dados derivados principalmente de duas metanálises e de um grande estudo retrospectivo convergiram em um risco estimado de 33% a 39% maior para mulheres com endometriose desenvolverem câncer de tireoide ao longo da vida.

DISCUSSÃO: embora as evidências apontem para uma possível associação entre endometriose e câncer de tireoide, potencialmente influenciada por hormônios sexuais femininos, o aumento observado em cânceres não ginecológicos entre pacientes com endometriose sugere que fatores adicionais podem contribuir para o risco elevado de câncer. As limitações do estudo, incluindo uma predominância de desenhos retrospectivos e transversais, risco significativo de viés e alta heterogeneidade, dificultam conclusões definitivas e interpretações causais. Mais estudos usando desenhos prospectivos robustos são necessários para esclarecer os mecanismos subjacentes e orientar protocolos clínicos para melhor manejo de pacientes com endometriose.

Palavras-chave

endometriose; câncer de tireoide; hormônios sexuais femininos; revisão sistemática.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting an estimated 10-15% of reproductive-aged women. Thyroid cancer, predominantly occurring in women, most commonly presents between the ages of 45 and 64. In the context of this gender overlap, existing evidence suggests a potential relationship between endometriosis and thyroid cancer. This study aims to explore this possible relationship.

METHODS: this systematic review followed the structured approach outlined in the PRISMA 2020 checklist for study selection. Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining the association between endometriosis and thyroid cancer, excluding case reports and retrospective studies with fewer than ten cases. PubMed was the primary database used for the search, employing the terms "endometriosis," "thyroid cancer,” and "endometriosis and thyroid cancer.” The studies were evaluated between October 2023 and April 2024.

RESULTS: the PubMed search yielded 20 studies, with an additional eight studies identified from the reference lists of previously included studies. Following a comprehensive review, 12 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Data primarily derived from two meta-analyses and one large retrospective study converged on an estimated 33% to 39% increased risk for women with endometriosis to develop thyroid cancer later in life.

DISCUSSION: although evidence points to a possible association between endometriosis and thyroid cancer, potentially influenced by female sex hormones, the observed increase in non-gynecological cancers among endometriosis patients suggests additional factors may contribute to the elevated cancer risk. Study limitations, including a predominance of retrospective and cross-sectional designs, significant risk of bias, and high heterogeneity, limit definitive conclusions and causal interpretations. Further research using robust prospective designs is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and to guide clinical protocols for improved management of patients with endometriosis.

Keywords

endometriosis; thyroid cancer; female sex hormones; systematic review.

Referências

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Submetido em:
12/03/2024

Aceito em:
18/05/2024

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